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Home Disease Index Syphilis
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SYPHILIS


Overview

Causes
Symptoms
Risk Factor

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Overview

 

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted or congenital infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.



Causes

 

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, which penetrates broken skin or mucous membranes. Transmission occurs most frequently by sexual contact. Congenital syphilis can be transmitted to the fetus during any stage in pregnancy.

 



Symptoms

 

The symptoms of syphilis depend on the stage of the disease. In addition, a significant proportion of individuals may remain without symptoms.

Syphilis; primary:

  • chancres -- (usually single yet may be multiple) painless sores on genitals, rectum, or mouth
  • enlarged lymph nodes in the area adjacent to the chancre

Syphilis; secondary:

  • skin rash -- usually throughout the body with both flat and raised patches which may involve the palms and soles of the feet.
  • extensive lymph node enlargement
  • mucous patches (painless silvery ulcerations of mucous membranes -- seen mostly in the mouth and on the genitals)
  • condyloma lata: coalescing papules which form a grey-white plaque frequently in folds such as groin, genital areas, axilla, and under the breasts
  • hair loss (alopecia)
  • general symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and aches and pains in bones

Syphilis; tertiary:

  • infiltrative, destructive lesions of skin, bones, or liver (gummatous syphilis)
  • cardiovascular syphilis, which leads to inflammation of the aorta (aortitis) and can be associated with aortic aneurysms
  • central nervous system disorders with involvement of the meninges, brain, spinal cord, eye, or auditory system


Risk Factors

 
High-risk sexual activity puts you at risk of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Men who have unprotected sex with other men are at special risk.
 
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