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 Home  Disease Index Prostate cancer
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Overview |
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is a disease that affects men from around the age of 45 years. It involves the , which is a small gland about the size of a walnut, positioned just beneath the bladder, and is responsible for producing fluids that nourish and protect sperm.
Since the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder) passes through the centre of the prostate gland, any growth within the gland will cause pressure on the urethra, causing difficulties in passing urine. |
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Causes |
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It is still not entirely clear why some men develop and others do not. However, we do know that there are both genetic and environmental factors that can influence it.
In terms of genetic factors, you have a higher risk of developing if your father or brother had prostate cancer, although the increased risk is relatively small.
Perhaps more important are environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle. Vegetarians are half as likely to develop as meat eaters.
Scientists are currently investigating whether certain dietary factors may help to prevent . Much of this work is focussing on the mineral selenium and a substance from processed tomatoes called lycopene. Several very large studies have shown that both these agents lower the risk of developing
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You cannot catch through sex, nor can you infect your partner with prostate cancer.
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Smoking is not linked to the occurrence of
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Vasectomy was once thought to predispose men to prostate cancer but this is no longer considered to be the case.
generally takes a long time to progress and it can take 10 years before it is detected. However, some men have a particularly aggressive form of the disease, and the disease can grow and spread more quickly. The cancer has a great tendency to grow on the outside edge of the and can therefore easily break away from the gland itself. Once it does this, it tends to travel almost exclusively to the bones including the hip bones, lower spine and ribs. |
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Symptoms |
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If the grows significantly for any reason, it can put pressure on the urethra, and this may cause various problems. Common symptoms include:
- frequent visits to the bathroom to pass urine (frequency)
- having to wake up regularly throughout the night to pass urine (nocturia)
- a sense of urgency in getting to the bathroom in time (urgency)
- hesitation before the urine begins to flow (hesitancy).
- pain while passing urine
- blood in the urine
- impotence (inability to sustain an erection)
- hip or lower back pain.
It is very important to emphasise that the presence of such symptoms does not necessarily mean you have . Indeed, any problem with the will generally lead to some of these symptoms, which can include prostatitis - a - or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. However, if you do have any of these symptoms, please consult your doctor since the earlier they are treated the better.
Equally important to emphasise is that many men, especially those in the early stages of the disease, do not develop symptoms at all. Therefore, a lack of symptoms does not always mean that you are free from the disease, and further tests will be needed to confirm this. |
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Risk Factor |
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