A combination of muscles and ligaments in the pelvis called the pelvic floor support the uterus and vagina, to keep them in their correct position inside the pelvis. Giving birth as well as the normal ageing process can weaken the pelvic floor and this can result in a prolapse. Prolapse of the uterus and vagina becomes more common as women get older and is not often seen before the menopause.

A woman's prolapse is described according to the part or parts of the uterus and vagina that are involved. If the front wall of the vagina (below the bladder) is prolapsing it is called a cystocoele (pronounced sisto-seal). If the back wall of the vagina is involved (in front of the bowel) it is called a rectocoele (pronounced recto-seal). If the cervix is prolapsing all the way out beyond the entrance of the vagina (introitus) it is called a proccidentia (pronounced pro-sid-enshier).

Sometimes a woman will only have one part of the vagina involved in her prolapse or it may be a combination of the vagina and the uterus.