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 Home  Disease Index Polyps in the colon (large bowel)
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Overview |
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A (non-cancerous) growth of the lining of the colon (large bowel).
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It can be anything from 2mm up to 5cm or more in diameter.
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Commonly, the form a small ball (about the size of a pea) on the end of a stalk of normal cells.
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The type of cell that forms the polyp varies and is important in determining its potential for developing into a
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Causes |
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, with the exception of the inflammatory pseudopolyps, result from some form of genetic (DNA) mutation in one of the . Fortunately, several, probably at least five, mutations are needed in the same cell before cancer occurs and most benign probably only have one gene mutated. DNA damage occurs surprisingly often. Even in a healthy adult's colon, about 10 per cent of the lining cells, on average, contain major abnormalities of the chromosomes (packages of DNA that contain many genes). Fortunately, almost all these cells seem to undergo a form of programmed death called apoptosis, and then fall off harmlessly into the (cavity). Adenomatous polyps, even those from individuals who do not have , commonly contain mutations that stop the gene working in both copies of the Adenomatous (APC) gene, the gene that is mutated in familial polyposis coli. |
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Symptoms |
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usually cause no symptoms until they grow to 2cm or more in diameter. Then the most common symptom is rectal bleeding. If a polyp is large enough, say 2cm in diameter, it can simulate faeces so the colon undergoes vigorous muscular movements (peristalsis) in a futile attempt to expel the . This can lead to severe . Occasionally, large polyps with a characteristic villous (frondy) appearance will cause profuse watery diarrhoea, which can then result in severe potassium deficiency causing muscle weakness. |
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Risk Factors |
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