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Home Disease Index Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye)

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Overview

Causes
Symptoms
Risk Factor

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Overview

 

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctivae, which are the mucous membranes covering the white of the eyes and the inner side of the eyelids. It usually affects both eyes at the same time although it may start in one eye and spread to the other after a day or two. It may be asymmetrical, affecting one eye more than the other. There are many causes and the treatment will depend upon the cause.

Conjunctivitis is a very common eye condition. It is not serious but can be very uncomfortable and irritating.




Causes

 

There are five different kinds of conjunctivitis, each with its own cause.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci or haemophilus. These organisms may come from the patient's own skin or upper respiratory tract or they may be caught from another person with conjunctivitis.

Viral conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with the common cold. This may be caused by a virus called 'adenovirus'. This type of conjunctivitis can spread rapidly between people and may cause an epidemic of conjunctivitis.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

This type of conjunctivitis is caused by an organism called Chlamydia trachomatis. This organism may also affect other parts of the body and can cause the venereal disease chlamydia.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is common in people who have other signs of allergic disease such as hay fever, asthma and eczema. The conjunctivitis is often caused by antigens like pollen, dust mites or cosmetics.

Reactive conjunctivitis - chemical or irritant conjunctivitis

Some people are very susceptible to chemicals in swimming pools or to smoke or fumes and this can cause an irritation of the conjunctiva with discomfort, redness and watering. In such cases these irritants should be avoided.

 



Symptoms

 

Bacterial conjunctivitis

This is a condition that affects both eyelids. They usually feel gritty with a sticky discharge. Both eyes are red. The eyelids may be stuck together particularly in the mornings, and there may be discharge on the eyelashes.

Viral conjunctivitis

The eyes are red and there may be a watery discharge. The eyes are uncomfortable and there may also be symptoms of a cold. Sometimes there are tender lymph nodes around the ear or the neck. This type of conjunctivitis may also spread to affect the cornea (keratitis) and it may persist for several weeks.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

Both eyes will be red with a sticky discharge. The cornea may also be involved in this condition.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is usually associated with intense itching of the eyes. There may be a stringy discharge and the eyes are usually intermittently red. This may occur at particular times of the year, for instance during spring and summer when there is a lot of pollen in the air.



Risk Factors

 

 

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